@charset "UTF-8";
:root {
  /* Primary colours: NTU Quick Brand Guide 2018. */
  --ntu-blue: #181C62;
  --ntu-red: #D71440;
  --navy: var(--ntu-blue);
  --blue: var(--ntu-blue);
  --accent: var(--ntu-red);
  /* Supporting neutrals keep long research descriptions readable. */
  --ink: #26283D;
  --muted: #5C5D70;
  --line: #E1E1E8;
  --line-strong: #C1C2D2;
  --paper: #fff;
  --wash: #F5F5FA;
  --hover-wash: #F1F1F8;
  --on-dark: #E5E6F1;
  --on-dark-muted: #C9CBDF;
  --serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Avenir Next", Avenir, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 112px; }
body { margin: 0; min-height: 100vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column; color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); font: 16px/1.75 var(--sans); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
main { flex: 1; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, p, figure { margin: 0; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 4px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
button { font: inherit; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 5px; }
.container { width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 96px)); margin-inline: auto; }
.eyebrow, .small-label, .project-tag { font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
.eyebrow { margin-bottom: 14px; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { color: var(--navy); }
h1 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 3.4vw, 3.2rem); line-height: 1.18; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
h2 { font: 400 clamp(1.9rem, 2.55vw, 2.55rem)/1.25 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.025em; }
h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; }
h4 { font: 400 1.85rem/1.25 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.skip-link { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 6px; left: 12px; background: #fff; padding: 10px; transform: translateY(-150%); }
.skip-link:focus { transform: none; }
.announcement { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; padding-block: 8px; font-size: .73rem; }
.announcement .container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; }
.announcement a { text-decoration: none; }
.announcement a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
.announcement a span[aria-hidden] { padding-left: 12px; }
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 10; border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: rgba(255,255,255,.98); }
.header-inner { display: flex; gap: 28px; align-items: center; min-height: 92px; }
.header-branding { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; min-width: 0; }
.wordmark { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 17px; min-width: 0; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.wordmark img { width: 95px; }
.wordmark > span { font: 400 1.2rem/1.3 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.025em; }
nav { display: flex; gap: 24px; margin-left: auto; }
nav a { font-size: .8rem; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 7px; }
.header-ntu { display: block; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); padding-right: 10px; flex: 0 0 126px; }
.header-ntu img { width: 115px; }
.page-home .header-ntu { border-right: 0; padding-right: 0; flex-basis: auto; }
.menu-toggle { display: none; }
.overview { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.3fr) minmax(0, .85fr); grid-template-rows: min-content min-content 1fr; grid-template-areas: "eyebrow visuals" "heading visuals" "copy visuals"; column-gap: 75px; align-items: start; padding-block: 64px 32px; }
.overview-eyebrow { grid-area: eyebrow; }
.overview-heading { grid-area: heading; }
.overview-visuals { grid-area: visuals; display: grid; row-gap: 12px; min-width: 0; margin-top: 16px; }
.overview-logo { width: min(80%, 336px); justify-self: center; transform: translateX(-18px); }
.overview-logo img { width: 100%; }
.overview-copy { grid-area: copy; max-width: 660px; }
.group-subtitle { font-size: 1.03rem; color: var(--blue); margin-top: 18px; }
.overview-lead { font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 22px; }
.overview-body { color: var(--muted); font-size: .93rem; margin-top: 13px; }
.overview-body > p:first-child > strong { color: var(--navy); font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--ntu-red); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.research-diagram { width: min(calc(80% * 5 / 6), calc(304px * 5 / 6)); margin-top: 0; justify-self: center; }
.research-diagram img { width: 100%; }
.research-diagram figcaption { text-align: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: .73rem; padding-top: 10px; }
.home-updates { padding-block: 32px 64px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.home-updates > .eyebrow { font-family: var(--sans); line-height: 1.75; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.home-updates-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.3fr) minmax(0, .85fr); grid-template-areas: "news announcements"; gap: 60px; align-items: start; }
.home-updates h3 { font: 400 1.55rem/1.3 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.02em; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.home-news { grid-area: news; padding-top: 24px; }
.home-news-list ul, .home-announcements-list ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 17px; }
.home-news-list li, .home-announcements-list li { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.85; padding-left: 6px; }
.home-news-list li::marker, .home-announcements-list li::marker { color: var(--accent); }
.home-news-list li + li { margin-top: 26px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.home-updates strong { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }
.home-announcements { grid-area: announcements; background: var(--wash); border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); padding: 21px 28px 28px; }
.home-announcements-list li + li { margin-top: 20px; }
.home-announcements-list li > strong:first-child { color: var(--accent); font: 600 1.1rem/1.5 var(--sans); }
.home-announcements-list a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
.home-announcements-list a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.section { padding-block: 72px; }
.research-section { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-heading { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 50px; margin-bottom: 34px; }
.section-heading > p { max-width: 355px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.grants-introduction { max-width: 640px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }
.research-section .section-heading { display: block; }
.research-section .section-heading > p { max-width: none; margin-top: 16px; }
.research-map { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); background: var(--wash); border-block: 1px solid var(--line); margin-bottom: 60px; }
.research-link { display: grid; grid-template-rows: 1fr auto; gap: 20px; min-width: 0; text-decoration: none; padding: 25px 23px; }
.research-link-heading { display: flex; align-items: start; gap: 14px; min-width: 0; }
.research-link-heading > div { min-width: 0; }
.research-link + .research-link { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-link:hover { background: var(--hover-wash); }
.research-link:focus-visible { position: relative; z-index: 1; outline-offset: -3px; background: var(--hover-wash); }
.research-number { color: var(--accent); font: 400 1rem/1.6 var(--serif); }
.research-link h2 { font: 600 .91rem/1.4 var(--sans); letter-spacing: normal; }
.research-link p { color: var(--muted); font-size: .77rem; line-height: 1.65; margin-top: 7px; }
.research-link-arrow { color: var(--accent); margin-left: auto; }
.research-topic-art { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 174px; min-width: 0; mix-blend-mode: multiply; }
.research-topic-image-frame { display: block; width: 100%; }
.research-topic-image { width: 100%; max-height: 174px; object-fit: contain; }
.research-link[href="#collective-dynamics"] .research-topic-image { max-height: 148px; transform: scale(1.05); }
/* A window onto the existing logo shows its emblem without the wordmark. */
.research-topic-art--pipc .research-topic-image-frame { width: auto; height: 140px; max-width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 970 / 817; overflow: hidden; }
.research-topic-art--pipc .research-topic-image { width: auto; max-width: none; height: 100%; max-height: none; }
.research-theme + .research-theme { margin-top: 68px; }
.theme-heading { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--navy); padding-bottom: 20px; margin-bottom: 36px; }
.theme-number { color: var(--accent); font: 400 1.1rem/1.4 var(--serif); }
.theme-heading h2 { font: 400 1.65rem/1.35 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.015em; }
.theme-heading p { margin-top: 5px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.project-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .94fr) minmax(0, 1.15fr); gap: 58px; align-items: start; }
.project-figures { display: grid; gap: 24px; min-width: 0; }
.project-figure { padding: 22px 22px 0; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff; }
.project-figure > a { display: block; }
.project-figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; }
/* Scale the artwork while preserving the figure boxes and caption positions. */
#collective-dynamics .project-figure img,
.project-figure--inset img { transform: scale(.9); }
.project-figure figcaption { margin-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-block: 15px 17px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .77rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.figure-credit { display: block; font-size: .72rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--muted); }
.figure-credit a { text-decoration-color: var(--line-strong); }
.project-tag { font-size: .63rem; letter-spacing: .09em; margin-bottom: 13px; }
.project-copy > p:not(.project-tag), .project-copy .markdown-prose > p { margin-top: 17px; font-size: .95rem; }
.project-copy h3, .project-wide h3 { font: 400 1.45rem/1.25 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.project-citations { margin-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.project-citations > a, .project-citations > .citation-entry { display: block; padding-block: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.65; text-decoration: none; }
.citation-title { text-decoration: none; }
.project-citations > a:hover, .citation-title:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.citation-venue { display: block; color: var(--blue); font-size: .62rem; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.project-wide { margin-top: 48px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 36px; }
.project-wide-copy { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .94fr 1.15fr; gap: 58px; margin-bottom: 26px; }
.project-wide-copy p:not(.project-tag) { font-size: .94rem; }
.project-wide-copy p + p { margin-top: 13px; }
.project-wide .text-link { margin-top: 19px; font-size: .77rem; }
.figure-wide { padding: 27px 40px 0; }
.figure-wide img { max-width: 980px; margin-inline: auto; }
.text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; font-size: .85rem; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong); padding-bottom: 4px; }
.publications-section, .resources-section { background: var(--wash); border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.resources-section .section-heading h1.eyebrow { font-family: var(--sans); line-height: 1.75; }
.list-heading { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 24px; padding-bottom: 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.list-heading h2 { font: 600 1rem/1.4 var(--sans); letter-spacing: normal; }
.list-heading > span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .71rem; }
.publication-title { text-decoration: none; }
.publication-title:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.authors { font-size: .78rem; color: var(--muted); }
.authors strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.paper-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 15px; color: var(--blue); font-size: .75rem; margin-top: 6px; }
.paper-links a { text-decoration: none; }
.arxiv-source { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; margin-top: 19px; font-size: .75rem; }
.arxiv-source a { text-decoration: none; }
.arxiv-source > span { color: var(--muted); }
.selected-heading { margin-top: 44px; }
.publication-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.publication { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 54px 1fr; gap: 20px; padding: 19px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-year { color: var(--muted); font: 400 1.05rem/1.6 var(--serif); }
.publication-title { font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 550; line-height: 1.5; }
.publication .authors { margin-top: 4px; }
.journal { display: block; color: var(--blue); font-size: .75rem; margin-top: 6px; }
.paper-details { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 12px; margin-top: 6px; }
.paper-details .journal, .paper-details .paper-links { margin-top: 0; }
.paper-tags { display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 12px; }
.paper-themes, .paper-mathematics { display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
.paper-themes + .paper-mathematics { border-left: 1px solid var(--line-strong); padding-left: 12px; }
.theme-tag, .math-tag { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 32px; min-height: 24px; padding: 1px 7px; border: 1px solid; border-radius: 4px; font: 650 .65rem/1.5 var(--sans); text-decoration: none; }
.theme-tag { color: #9F1838; border-color: #EDB8C5; background: #FCECF0; }
a.theme-tag:hover, .publication-themes a:hover .theme-tag { color: #9F1838; border-color: var(--accent); background: #F9DEE5; }
.math-tag { color: var(--navy); border-color: #CCD0E4; background: #EEF0F8; }
a.math-tag:hover { color: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy); background: #E1E5F3; }
.tag-legend-heading { margin-bottom: 12px; color: var(--muted); font: 650 .67rem/1.5 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.publication-themes { margin-bottom: 22px; }
.publication-mathematics { margin-bottom: 30px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 20px; }
.mathematics-legend { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 24px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.mathematics-legend li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .76rem; }
.mathematics-legend .math-tag { min-width: 38px; flex: none; }
.mathematics-legend li:target { color: var(--navy); outline: 2px solid var(--line-strong); outline-offset: 4px; border-radius: 2px; }
.publications-section .publication-themes nav { display: block; width: auto; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.publication-themes ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.publication-themes a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; color: var(--navy); font-size: .76rem; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; }
.publication-archive > summary, .bio-details > summary { cursor: pointer; font-size: .8rem; padding: 17px 0; }
.publication-archive > summary span { float: right; }
.publication-archive[open] > summary span { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.pi-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 290px minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-rows: min-content 1fr; grid-template-areas: "photo bio" "facts bio"; gap: 0 65px; align-items: start; }
.pi-sidebar { grid-area: photo; min-width: 0; }
.pi-bio { grid-area: bio; min-width: 0; }
.pi-grid > .fun-facts { grid-area: facts; }
.portrait img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 4/5; object-fit: cover; object-position: 45% center; }
.fun-facts { margin-top: 20px; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.fun-facts .eyebrow { font-family: var(--sans); line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 9px; }
.fun-facts p + p { margin-top: 12px; }
.fun-facts-album { display: inline-flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 9px; color: var(--navy); font-size: .76rem; }
.pi-bio .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.pi-bio h2 { font: 400 2rem/1.3 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.thai-name { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 5px; }
.pi-bio > p:not(.eyebrow):not(.thai-name), .pi-bio > .markdown-prose > p { font-size: .94rem; margin-top: 16px; }
.pi-affiliation { color: var(--blue); font-size: .82rem !important; }
.social-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 20px; margin-top: 23px; font-size: .76rem; }
.social-links a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; }
.social-links a:hover, .social-links a:focus-visible { color: var(--accent); }
.social-links a[href^="https://scholar.google.com/"] { --profile-icon: url("icons/google-scholar.svg"); --profile-icon-content: ""; }
.social-links a[href^="https://github.com/"] { --profile-icon: url("icons/github.svg"); --profile-icon-content: ""; }
.social-links a[href^="https://bsky.app/"] { --profile-icon: url("icons/bluesky.svg"); --profile-icon-content: ""; }
.social-links a[href^="https://x.com/"] { --profile-icon: url("icons/x-twitter.svg"); --profile-icon-content: ""; }
.social-links a[href^="https://www.linkedin.com/"] { --profile-icon: url("icons/linkedin-in.svg"); --profile-icon-content: ""; }
/* Decorative icons inherit the link colour; visible text names every profile. */
.social-links a::before {
  content: var(--profile-icon-content, none);
  width: 17px;
  height: 17px;
  flex: 0 0 17px;
  background-color: currentColor;
  -webkit-mask: var(--profile-icon) center / contain no-repeat;
  mask: var(--profile-icon) center / contain no-repeat;
}
.social-links .text-link > span[aria-hidden="true"] { display: none; }
.bio-details { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-top: 18px; }
.bio-details ul { color: var(--muted); font-size: .8rem; padding-left: 20px; margin-top: 0; }
.bio-details li { margin-block: 7px; }
.member-section { margin-top: 64px; padding-top: 36px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.member-section > h2 { margin-bottom: 30px; }
.member-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 48px; }
.member-card { min-width: 0; }
.member-header { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 128px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; align-items: center; }
.member-portrait { width: 128px; aspect-ratio: 4/5; object-fit: cover; background: var(--wash); }
.member-identity h3 { font: 400 1.55rem/1.3 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.member-nickname { color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; margin-top: 5px; }
.member-arrival { display: inline-block; color: var(--navy); background: var(--wash); font-size: .72rem; line-height: 1.6; padding: 4px 9px; margin-top: 13px; }
.member-details { margin: 24px 0 0; }
.member-details > div { padding-block: 13px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.member-details dt { color: var(--navy); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 600; }
.member-details dd { margin: 5px 0 0; font-size: .85rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.member-placeholder { color: var(--muted); }
.member-empty { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.resources-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 60px; }
.resource-category { font: 600 1rem/1.4 var(--sans); letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.resource-item { display: block; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-decoration: none; }
.resource-meta { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: .69rem; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.resource-title { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; font: 400 1.15rem/1.45 var(--serif); }
.resource-title > span { font: .9rem var(--sans); flex: none; }
.resource-item:hover .resource-title { text-decoration: underline; }
.service-note { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 35px; margin-top: 34px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.service-note .eyebrow { margin: 0; font-family: var(--sans); line-height: 1.75; }
.service-entries { min-width: 0; }
.service-entry + .service-entry { margin-top: 22px; padding-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.service-entry h3 { font-size: .9rem; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.service-entry p, .service-events { color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.service-events { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.2em; }
.service-events li + li { margin-top: 9px; }
.service-entry a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.join-section { background: var(--navy); color: var(--on-dark); padding-block: 60px; }
.page-contact main { background: var(--paper); }
.join-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr; gap: 65px; }
.join-section h1 { color: #fff; }
.join-section .eyebrow { color: #fff; }
.join-grid > div > p:not(.eyebrow) { font-size: .9rem; }
.join-lead { color: #fff; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.contact-link { display: inline-block; font-size: 1.25rem; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--on-dark-muted); padding-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 23px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.contact-link span[aria-hidden] { margin-left: 15px; }
.join-section a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
.contact-affiliation { color: var(--on-dark-muted); font-size: .75rem !important; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 24px; }
.contact-affiliation > span { color: #fff; }
.contact-institution { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) clamp(140px, 18vw, 180px); align-items: center; gap: 24px; margin-top: 28px; }
.contact-institution .contact-affiliation { margin-top: 0; }
.contact-ntu { display: block; padding: 12px; background: #fff; }
.contact-ntu img { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.opportunities-section { background: var(--paper); }
.opportunity-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr); gap: 65px; align-items: start; }
.opportunity-row + .opportunity-row { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-top: 48px; padding-top: 44px; }
.opportunity-row > h2 { font-size: 1.7rem; }
.opportunity-copy { min-width: 0; font-size: .91rem; line-height: 1.8; }
.opportunity-copy h3 { margin: 27px 0 12px; font-size: .96rem; }
.opportunity-copy p + p { margin-top: 15px; }
.opportunity-copy ul, .opportunity-copy ol { margin: 18px 0 0; padding-left: 1.25em; }
.opportunity-copy li + li { margin-top: 14px; }
.opportunity-copy li::marker { color: var(--navy); }
.opportunity-copy a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration-color: var(--line-strong); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.opportunity-copy a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-color: currentColor; }
.opportunity-copy strong { color: var(--navy); }

footer { border-top: 1px solid #484B80; background: var(--ntu-blue); color: var(--on-dark-muted); padding-block: 30px; }
.footer-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 35px; }
.footer-inner > div:first-child { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 24px; }
.footer-wordmark { font-size: 1.55rem; font-weight: 600; color: #fff; }
.footer-inner p { font-size: .7rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.footer-right { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; font-size: .7rem; }
.footer-right a { text-decoration: none; }
.footer-right a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
/* Red is an accent on light backgrounds; use white focus rings on NTU blue. */
.announcement a:focus-visible, .join-section a:focus-visible,
footer a:focus-visible { outline-color: #fff; }
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .container { width: calc(100% - 64px); }
  .header-inner { gap: 22px; }
  .wordmark > span { font-size: 1.05rem; }
  nav { gap: 18px; }
  .overview { column-gap: 40px; }
  .home-updates-grid { gap: 36px; }
  .project-row, .project-wide-copy { gap: 38px; }
  .research-link { padding: 22px 15px; }
  .research-link-heading { gap: 10px; }
  .footer-inner { flex-wrap: wrap; }
}
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .header-inner { min-height: 76px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; justify-content: space-between; }
  .js .menu-toggle { display: inline-flex; gap: 10px; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 12px 0 12px 12px; font-size: .77rem; color: var(--navy); }
  #navigation { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; width: 100%; gap: 10px 22px; padding: 12px 0 18px; margin: 0; }
  .js #navigation { display: none; }
  .js #navigation.is-open { display: flex; }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .wordmark > span { font-size: 1.15rem; }
  .overview { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(0, .8fr); column-gap: 30px; }
  h1 br { display: none; }
  .section-heading { gap: 30px; }
  .section-heading > p { max-width: 300px; }
  .project-row { grid-template-columns: .9fr 1.1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .project-figure { padding: 16px 16px 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 92px; }
  .container { width: calc(100% - 40px); }
  .announcement { font-size: .7rem; }
  .announcement .container { justify-content: center; }
  .announcement a { display: none; }
  .header-inner { min-height: 88px; column-gap: 12px; }
  .header-branding { flex: 1; gap: 8px; }
  .header-ntu { flex-basis: 76px; padding-right: 8px; }
  .header-ntu img { width: 67px; }
  .wordmark { flex: 1; gap: 10px; white-space: normal; }
  .wordmark img { width: 60px; flex: 0 0 60px; }
  .wordmark > span { font-size: .97rem; line-height: 1.25; }
  .overview { grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-rows: auto; grid-template-areas: "eyebrow" "heading" "copy" "visuals"; gap: 0; padding-block: 40px 28px; }
  .overview-logo { width: min(100%, 340px); margin-top: 30px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 7.6vw, 2.75rem); }
  .overview-lead { font-size: .99rem; margin-top: 20px; }
  .overview-body { font-size: .88rem; }
  .research-diagram { width: min(calc(100% * 5 / 6), 300px); margin-top: 8px; }
  .research-diagram figcaption { padding-top: 12px; }
  .home-updates { padding-block: 28px 44px; }
  .home-updates > .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .home-updates-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-areas: "announcements" "news"; gap: 28px; }
  .home-news { padding-top: 0; }
  .home-announcements { padding: 21px 22px 24px; }
  .section { padding-block: 44px; }
  .section-heading { display: block; margin-bottom: 26px; }
  .section-heading > p { max-width: none; margin-top: 15px; font-size: .85rem; }
  .section-heading > .text-link { margin-top: 18px; }
  h2 { font-size: 1.9rem; }
  .research-map { grid-template-columns: 1fr; margin-bottom: 38px; }
  .research-link { padding: 19px 18px; gap: 18px; }
  .research-link-heading { gap: 18px; }
  .research-topic-image-frame { max-width: 300px; }
  .research-link + .research-link { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .research-link p { margin-top: 4px; }
  .theme-heading { gap: 14px; padding-bottom: 17px; margin-bottom: 26px; }
  .theme-heading h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
  .theme-heading p { font-size: .78rem; }
  .project-row, .project-wide-copy { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 25px; }
  .project-copy { grid-row: 1; }
  .project-copy h3, .project-wide h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
  .project-copy > p:not(.project-tag), .project-copy .markdown-prose > p, .project-wide-copy p:not(.project-tag) { font-size: .9rem; }
  .project-figure { padding: 18px 18px 0; }
  .project-figure img { max-width: 470px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .figure-wide { padding: 10px 10px 0; }
  .figure-wide img { max-width: none; }
  .research-theme + .research-theme { margin-top: 44px; }
  .project-wide { margin-top: 32px; padding-top: 28px; }
  .list-heading { align-items: start; gap: 15px; }
  .list-heading > span { max-width: 130px; font-size: .66rem; text-align: right; }
  .selected-heading { margin-top: 30px; }
  .publication { grid-template-columns: 41px 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .publication-title { font-size: .86rem; }
  .arxiv-source { font-size: .68rem; }
  .arxiv-source > span { display: none; }
  .pi-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-rows: auto; grid-template-areas: "photo" "bio" "facts"; gap: 28px; }
  .pi-grid > .fun-facts { margin-top: 0; }
  .pi-sidebar { width: min(100%, 300px); }
  .portrait { width: min(100%, 300px); }
  .portrait img { aspect-ratio: 1; object-position: 50% 56%; }
  .pi-bio h2 { font-size: 1.85rem; }
  .member-section { margin-top: 44px; padding-top: 28px; }
  .member-section > h2 { margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .member-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .member-header { grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .member-portrait { width: 112px; }
  .member-identity h3 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
  .resources-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .service-note { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .join-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 25px; }
  .opportunity-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
  .opportunity-row + .opportunity-row { margin-top: 36px; padding-top: 32px; }
  .opportunity-row > h2 { font-size: 1.65rem; }
  .opportunity-copy { font-size: .88rem; }
  .join-section { padding-block: 42px; }
  .footer-inner, .footer-inner > div:first-child { gap: 20px; }
  .footer-right { gap: 14px 20px; }
  .footer-right > span { flex-basis: 100%; }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .header-inner { column-gap: 8px; }
  .header-branding { gap: 6px; }
  .header-ntu { flex-basis: 60px; padding-right: 6px; }
  .header-ntu img { width: 53px; }
  .wordmark { gap: 8px; }
  .wordmark img { width: 48px; flex-basis: 48px; }
  .wordmark > span { font-size: .9rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 370px) {
  .publication { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; }
  .member-header { grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
  .member-portrait { width: 90px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } }
@media print {
  .announcement, .site-header, .skip-link { display: none; }
  .container { width: 100%; }
  .section { padding-block: 28px; }
  .overview { padding-block: 20px; }
  .join-section, footer { background: #fff; color: var(--ink); }
  .join-section *, footer * { color: var(--ink) !important; }
  a { text-decoration: none; }
  .project-row, .project-wide, .publication, .preprint, .member-card { break-inside: avoid; }
}

/* Markdown prose shares the existing page typography. */
.markdown-prose p + p { margin-top: 13px; }
.social-links .text-link { align-items: center; min-width: 44px; min-height: 44px; font-size: inherit; border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; gap: 8px; border-radius: 3px; }
.fun-facts .markdown-prose p:last-child a { color: var(--navy); font-size: .76rem; }

/* Clear entry points and compact navigation, using the existing NTU palette. */
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.action-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }
.action-links p { margin: 0; }
.action-links a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 46px; padding: 10px 18px; border: 1px solid var(--navy); border-radius: 4px; background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font-size: .86rem; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; transition: background-color .16s, border-color .16s; }
.action-links a:hover { background: var(--blue); border-color: var(--blue); color: #fff; }
.home-actions { margin-top: 25px; }
.home-actions p + p a { background: #fff; color: var(--navy); border-color: var(--line-strong); }
.home-actions p + p a:hover { background: var(--wash); border-color: var(--navy); }
.overview-body p + p { margin-top: 18px; }
.overview { padding-bottom: 44px; }
.theme-jumps { position: sticky; top: var(--sticky-header-height, 96px); z-index: 8; display: block; width: 100%; margin: -25px 0 40px; padding: 10px 0; background: rgba(255,255,255,.98); border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.theme-jumps ul, .opportunity-jumps ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.theme-jumps a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 40px; padding: 8px 15px; border-radius: 4px; color: var(--navy); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.theme-jumps a:hover { background: var(--wash); }
.theme-jumps a[aria-current="location"] { color: #fff; background: var(--navy); }
html:has(.theme-jumps) { scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--sticky-header-height, 96px) + var(--theme-nav-height, 62px) + 18px); }
.figure-credit .figure-video { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; width: fit-content; min-height: 44px; margin-top: 14px; padding: 7px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; color: var(--accent); font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.figure-credit .figure-video:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--accent); }

/* Incoming colleagues have one intentional welcome section until profiles are ready. */
.member-section:has(.member-grid:empty) { display: none; }
.incoming-team { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr; align-items: center; gap: 50px; margin-top: 54px; padding: 34px 36px; background: var(--wash); border-top: 3px solid var(--accent); }
.incoming-team h2 { font-size: 1.9rem; }
.incoming-description { max-width: 500px; margin-top: 15px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.incoming-counts ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.incoming-counts li { color: var(--navy); font-size: .85rem; }
.incoming-counts strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; color: var(--accent); font: 400 3.5rem/1.1 var(--serif); }
.people-openings { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: center; gap: 32px; padding: 28px 36px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 0; }
.people-openings .eyebrow { font-family: var(--sans); line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.people-openings-copy { max-width: 700px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.people-openings-copy strong { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 650; }
.people-openings-copy .opening-count { color: var(--accent); }

.contact-actions a { color: var(--navy); background: #fff; border-color: #fff; }
.contact-actions a:hover { color: var(--navy); background: #E8EBFA; border-color: #E8EBFA; text-decoration: none; }

/* Mathematical tags remain a readable legend and become filters with JavaScript. */
.mathematics-legend button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; min-height: 44px; padding: 7px 11px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 5px; background: #fff; color: var(--muted); font: inherit; cursor: pointer; text-align: left; }
.mathematics-legend button:hover { border-color: var(--navy); color: var(--navy); }
.mathematics-legend button[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: var(--navy); background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }
.mathematics-legend button[aria-pressed="true"] .math-tag { border-color: #6973AE; background: #343B79; color: #fff; }
.publication-mathematics:has(button) .mathematics-legend { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 9px; }
.mathematics-legend li:has(button) { min-width: 0; }
.mathematics-legend button { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.mathematics-legend button > span:last-child { min-width: 0; }
.publication-filter-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 14px; }
.filter-all { min-height: 40px; padding: 7px 13px; color: var(--navy); border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); border-radius: 4px; background: transparent; font-size: .78rem; cursor: pointer; }
.filter-all[aria-pressed="true"] { background: #fff; border-color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }
.filter-empty { padding-block: 30px; color: var(--muted); }
.publication-group[hidden] + .publication-group .selected-heading { margin-top: 0; }

.contact-actions { margin-top: 26px; }
.opportunity-jumps { display: block; width: auto; margin: 0 0 44px; padding: 0 0 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.opportunity-jumps a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; padding: 9px 17px; border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); border-radius: 4px; color: var(--navy); background: var(--wash); font-size: .84rem; text-decoration: none; }
.opportunity-jumps a:hover { background: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy); color: #fff; }

.join-section .opportunity-jumps { margin: 26px 0 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
.join-section .opportunity-jumps a { color: #fff; border-color: #656997; background: transparent; }
.join-section .opportunity-jumps a:hover { color: var(--navy); background: #fff; border-color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .overview-body, .project-copy .markdown-prose > p, .opportunity-copy, .join-section p:not(.eyebrow):not(.contact-affiliation), .pi-bio > .markdown-prose > p, .home-news-list li, .home-announcements-list li { font-size: 1rem; }
  .overview-body { line-height: 1.75; }
  .home-actions { gap: 10px; }
  .action-links a { font-size: .86rem; }
  .theme-jumps { margin-top: -15px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding-block: 8px; }
  .theme-jumps ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 5px; }
  .theme-jumps a { height: 100%; justify-content: center; padding: 7px 6px; font-size: .7rem; text-align: center; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5; }
  .incoming-team { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; margin-top: 36px; padding: 25px 23px; }
  .incoming-team h2 { font-size: 1.75rem; }
  .incoming-description { font-size: 1rem; }
  .incoming-counts ul { gap: 20px; }
  .incoming-counts strong { font-size: 3rem; }
  .people-openings { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; padding: 25px 23px; }
  .people-openings-copy { font-size: 1rem; }
  .publication-mathematics:has(button) .mathematics-legend { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .mathematics-legend button { padding: 6px 8px; font-size: .79rem; gap: 7px; }
  .publication-title, .resource-title { font-size: 1rem; }
  .authors { font-size: .84rem; }
  .opportunity-jumps { margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .opportunity-jumps ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .opportunity-jumps a { justify-content: center; width: 100%; padding-inline: 8px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .action-links a { transition: none; } }
@media print {
  .theme-jumps, .publication-filter-tools { display: none; }
}